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	<title>Comments on: Insights into horizontal gene transfer: conversations with Dr. Peter Gogarten and Dr. James Lake</title>
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		<title>By: Ken</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-17783</link>
		<dc:creator>Ken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2009 19:48:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-17783</guid>
		<description>Amy,

This is fascinating!

By the first explanation you site, the study&#039;s conclusion, that the human DNA in the blood is different from the human DNA in the heart tissue, is wrong. By the remaining explanations you site, the study conclusion is correct but we now have a possible explanation for the study&#039;s conclusion.

How can the bacteria interfere with DNA repair? Is it by downregulating the innate immune system through the VDR or is it by some other more direct means or both?  I believe I read somewhere that one of the activities of the innate immune system is to provide the means for DNA repair.

Ken</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Amy,</p>
<p>This is fascinating!</p>
<p>By the first explanation you site, the study&#8217;s conclusion, that the human DNA in the blood is different from the human DNA in the heart tissue, is wrong. By the remaining explanations you site, the study conclusion is correct but we now have a possible explanation for the study&#8217;s conclusion.</p>
<p>How can the bacteria interfere with DNA repair? Is it by downregulating the innate immune system through the VDR or is it by some other more direct means or both?  I believe I read somewhere that one of the activities of the innate immune system is to provide the means for DNA repair.</p>
<p>Ken</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Amy Proal</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-17782</link>
		<dc:creator>Amy Proal</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2009 19:22:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-17782</guid>
		<description>Hi Ken,

Thanks for the info.  I spoke with Dr. Marshall about the study yesterday.  He said some explanation for the data are as follows:

1.  We don&#039;t know what&#039;s going on

2.  Measurement errors - when the scientist sequence the cellular DNA it gets cut up into small bits of nucleotides that patched back together by the computer.  However, we now know that bacterial DNA is very similar to human DNA.  If the cells harbor bacteria, then bacterial DNA could be getting caught up in the human DNA samples and would be fractured along with the human DNA.  Then when the computer tries to put the genetic sequences together it doesn&#039;t account for the presence of the bacterial DNA and cells can end up with different sequences.

3.  Bacteria in the cell are interfering with DNA repair.  This would cause the DNA in various cells to change with time.  But we don&#039;t know all that much about cellular DNA mechanisms to date.

4.  Bacteria could be causing direct mutations to the human cellular DNA.  While possible, we don&#039;t yet have a model for how exactly how mutation occurs.

5.  Integration of bacterial DNA with human DNA - what you proposed. eg horizontal gene transfer.  While this may have some effect, Dr. Marshall thinks it probably accounts least for what the researchers observed. 

Of course the results could be due to any combination of the above as well.

This is still speculation but a bit more specific.

Best,

Amy</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Ken,</p>
<p>Thanks for the info.  I spoke with Dr. Marshall about the study yesterday.  He said some explanation for the data are as follows:</p>
<p>1.  We don&#8217;t know what&#8217;s going on</p>
<p>2.  Measurement errors &#8211; when the scientist sequence the cellular DNA it gets cut up into small bits of nucleotides that patched back together by the computer.  However, we now know that bacterial DNA is very similar to human DNA.  If the cells harbor bacteria, then bacterial DNA could be getting caught up in the human DNA samples and would be fractured along with the human DNA.  Then when the computer tries to put the genetic sequences together it doesn&#8217;t account for the presence of the bacterial DNA and cells can end up with different sequences.</p>
<p>3.  Bacteria in the cell are interfering with DNA repair.  This would cause the DNA in various cells to change with time.  But we don&#8217;t know all that much about cellular DNA mechanisms to date.</p>
<p>4.  Bacteria could be causing direct mutations to the human cellular DNA.  While possible, we don&#8217;t yet have a model for how exactly how mutation occurs.</p>
<p>5.  Integration of bacterial DNA with human DNA &#8211; what you proposed. eg horizontal gene transfer.  While this may have some effect, Dr. Marshall thinks it probably accounts least for what the researchers observed. </p>
<p>Of course the results could be due to any combination of the above as well.</p>
<p>This is still speculation but a bit more specific.</p>
<p>Best,</p>
<p>Amy</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Ken</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-17780</link>
		<dc:creator>Ken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2009 19:37:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-17780</guid>
		<description>Paul,

McGill University describes the study on this site:

http://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=107673.

Ken</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Paul,</p>
<p>McGill University describes the study on this site:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=107673" rel="nofollow">http://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=107673</a>.</p>
<p>Ken</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Paul Albert</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-17779</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Albert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2009 18:05:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-17779</guid>
		<description>Hi Ken,

I looked up the paper you seem to be referring to, which I believe is this one:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514060

There are a lot of variables that could account for what was observed in the study. I would rather not speculate. So, at this point, I don&#039;t have a definitive answer.

Paul</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Ken,</p>
<p>I looked up the paper you seem to be referring to, which I believe is this one:<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514060" rel="nofollow">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514060</a></p>
<p>There are a lot of variables that could account for what was observed in the study. I would rather not speculate. So, at this point, I don&#8217;t have a definitive answer.</p>
<p>Paul</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Ken</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-17774</link>
		<dc:creator>Ken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2009 18:53:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-17774</guid>
		<description>Is there horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms and human cells? A recent study by Dr. Morris Schweitzer, Dr. Bruce Gottlieb, Dr. Lorraine Chalifour at McGill University in Canada showed the human genes in the blood can be different from those in the tissue. How can this be so? What would cause the difference?  Could it be horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms and human cells?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is there horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms and human cells? A recent study by Dr. Morris Schweitzer, Dr. Bruce Gottlieb, Dr. Lorraine Chalifour at McGill University in Canada showed the human genes in the blood can be different from those in the tissue. How can this be so? What would cause the difference?  Could it be horizontal gene transfer between microorganisms and human cells?</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Amy Proal</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-16138</link>
		<dc:creator>Amy Proal</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2009 18:41:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-16138</guid>
		<description>Hi Kim,

I&#039;m very, very sorry to hear about your Dad.  In my opinion, there&#039;s a strong possibility that your Dad&#039;s wounds and ulcers could actually be infected by large quantities of bacteria in a biofilm state - a state in which they join together and form communities that can look like pus.  

There is an interview on this site with Dr. Randall Wolcott.  He is a wound specialist who treats the bacteria in such diabetic wounds.  He used to have to amputate most of his patient&#039;s limbs before he discovered the bacteria in their wounds.  Now that he has discovered that the wounds are covered in bacteria he can generally kill the bacteria, control the wound, and save the limb.

He would definitely be the person to talk to about your Dad&#039;s situation.  While he practices in Texas, he may know someone in Michigan whom he could refer you to or he may simply be able to guide your Dad&#039;s doctors over the phone.

Here is the interview with Dr. Wolcott:

http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/13/wolcott/

Here is his phone number:

806-793-8869

His website is:

woundcarecenter.net

I really hope he can help you.  

Best,

Amy</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Kim,</p>
<p>I&#8217;m very, very sorry to hear about your Dad.  In my opinion, there&#8217;s a strong possibility that your Dad&#8217;s wounds and ulcers could actually be infected by large quantities of bacteria in a biofilm state &#8211; a state in which they join together and form communities that can look like pus.  </p>
<p>There is an interview on this site with Dr. Randall Wolcott.  He is a wound specialist who treats the bacteria in such diabetic wounds.  He used to have to amputate most of his patient&#8217;s limbs before he discovered the bacteria in their wounds.  Now that he has discovered that the wounds are covered in bacteria he can generally kill the bacteria, control the wound, and save the limb.</p>
<p>He would definitely be the person to talk to about your Dad&#8217;s situation.  While he practices in Texas, he may know someone in Michigan whom he could refer you to or he may simply be able to guide your Dad&#8217;s doctors over the phone.</p>
<p>Here is the interview with Dr. Wolcott:</p>
<p><a href="http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/13/wolcott/" rel="nofollow">http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/13/wolcott/</a></p>
<p>Here is his phone number:</p>
<p>806-793-8869</p>
<p>His website is:</p>
<p>woundcarecenter.net</p>
<p>I really hope he can help you.  </p>
<p>Best,</p>
<p>Amy</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: kim</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-16136</link>
		<dc:creator>kim</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2009 15:49:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-16136</guid>
		<description>trying to get my father some help he has been seeing a wound specialist on his leg he has two leg ulcers and he is diabetic but they are just getting bigger been wrapping them with bentadine and wrapping and nothing seems to be helping. he see&#039;s the surgeon tomorrow and scared what they have to say there are no dr&#039;s in michigan that are worth a crap. just trying to get some advice how to help heel these wounds up without the surgery and him loosing a leg there has to be a way to do this ? If anyone knows please help with response asap . would be so happy my dad is my hero can&#039;t afford to loose him for a dr at fault not knowing what they are doing here. thanks so much kim</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>trying to get my father some help he has been seeing a wound specialist on his leg he has two leg ulcers and he is diabetic but they are just getting bigger been wrapping them with bentadine and wrapping and nothing seems to be helping. he see&#8217;s the surgeon tomorrow and scared what they have to say there are no dr&#8217;s in michigan that are worth a crap. just trying to get some advice how to help heel these wounds up without the surgery and him loosing a leg there has to be a way to do this ? If anyone knows please help with response asap . would be so happy my dad is my hero can&#8217;t afford to loose him for a dr at fault not knowing what they are doing here. thanks so much kim</p>
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		<title>By: Amy Proal</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-7742</link>
		<dc:creator>Amy Proal</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 22:48:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-7742</guid>
		<description>Hi JJ,

No, I haven&#039;t looked at MMS.  When I google MMS I don&#039;t come up with anything that seems like a biofilm-targeting compound.  

I&#039;m assuming MMS would be a compound that could be used on external biofilms only?  In that case, you may want to direct your questions to the Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana state University.  Their research teams know a lot more than I do about specific compounds and biofilms.

Here&#039;s the link to their website:

http://www.erc.montana.edu/

Best,

Amy</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi JJ,</p>
<p>No, I haven&#8217;t looked at MMS.  When I google MMS I don&#8217;t come up with anything that seems like a biofilm-targeting compound.  </p>
<p>I&#8217;m assuming MMS would be a compound that could be used on external biofilms only?  In that case, you may want to direct your questions to the Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana state University.  Their research teams know a lot more than I do about specific compounds and biofilms.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s the link to their website:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.erc.montana.edu/" rel="nofollow">http://www.erc.montana.edu/</a></p>
<p>Best,</p>
<p>Amy</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: jen</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-7678</link>
		<dc:creator>jen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 07:30:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-7678</guid>
		<description>amy have you looked at MMS, maybe that it is effective against biofilm etc.

surely you have heard about it?

did not know how to contact you

let me know
 
jj</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>amy have you looked at MMS, maybe that it is effective against biofilm etc.</p>
<p>surely you have heard about it?</p>
<p>did not know how to contact you</p>
<p>let me know</p>
<p>jj</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Diana Pasley</title>
		<link>http://bacteriality.com/2008/04/06/genetransfer/comment-page-1/#comment-2839</link>
		<dc:creator>Diana Pasley</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2008 03:18:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bacteriality.com/?p=182#comment-2839</guid>
		<description>Thank you Amy for another really interesting article.  You are talented at making these pretty high-faluntin&#039; subjects very accessible by unscientific types, such as myself.  It makes me want to learn more.  
I agree with Lake, that these are exciting times and we will be seeing many changes in the next five years.  I can&#039;t wait for the day that the MP is recognized for what it is.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you Amy for another really interesting article.  You are talented at making these pretty high-faluntin&#8217; subjects very accessible by unscientific types, such as myself.  It makes me want to learn more.<br />
I agree with Lake, that these are exciting times and we will be seeing many changes in the next five years.  I can&#8217;t wait for the day that the MP is recognized for what it is.</p>
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